Progressive movements pushed for “equality,” but mostly shunned black Americans

See ‘The Second Founding’ and ‘Equality: An American Dilemma, 1866-1896’ Review: Replanting Democracy. Fergus M. Bordewich reviews The Second Founding by Eric Foner and Equality: An American Dilemma by Charles Postel. Excerpt:

"As all three movements challenged vested interests and often heroically pushed for “equality,” they mostly shunned black Americans, a story that Mr. Postel unpacks in compelling and disheartening detail. The Grange, he writes, steadily became “a refuge for rural white power across the former Confederacy,” while one of its successors, the Farmers’ Alliance, maintained a strict “whites only” rule for membership and endorsed segregation. Although the Knights included some African-American affiliates, as a matter of policy it held “that the Southern people are capable of managing the negro,” as Terence Powderly put it. Frances Willard, who was raised in an abolitionist home, declared upon her return from an organizing tour through the former Confederacy that the trip had “reconstructed” her toward a posture of fraternity with the old slaveholding elite. Willard later blithely announced to the press that former slave owners who supported the WCTU’s doctrine of alcohol prohibition understood that “a tame Negro is better company than a wild one.” None of the movements addressed the epidemic of lynching that engulfed the South during the Jim Crow era with anything more than boilerplate disapproval."