Research shows quotas on female directors largely fail to improve pay, broader representation

See To Shatter the Glass Ceiling, Don’t Force It by John D. Stoll of The WSJ. Excerpts:

"For instance, in Norway—the egalitarian culture credited as the pioneer of such quotas—women CEOs are nearly nonexistent even though roughly 40% of directors are female. The Nordic nation’s pay gap is slimmer than the U.S.’s, but data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development indicate Norway lags behind about 25% of the countries it tracks."

"Marianne Bertrand, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business, co-wrote an analysis of Norway’s quotas in 2014 about a decade after they took effect. A key conclusion: “We find no robust evidence to support the view that the mandated greater share of women on the board improved outcomes for women employed in [these companies].”"

"In France, one of the bigger economies to adopt Norway-like reforms, 50% of directors at the largest companies are women, but 14% of senior executive officers are women."