Why “Buy American” is not such a great idea

By Tyler Cowen.

"That is the topic of my latest Bloomberg column, here is one excerpt:

Then there is the money. European and South Korean infrastructure companies, for example, tend to be much less expensive than US firms. The Buy American Act often prevents them from bidding on US contracts. And when the federal government is spending more on contracts for US suppliers, it has less money to invest elsewhere.

And:

Under current law, as has been supported by the administrations of both Donald Trump and Joe Biden, the domestic-content requirement is slated to rise to 75% in 2029. That is likely to raise the cost of Buy American provisions even more, especially in a world where more countries are entering the market as cost-effective producers. Furthermore, the higher that percentage, the more likely it is that the US is protecting sectors that spend their money on capital goods, rather than on US labor. Job creation or job protection is likely to dwindle accordingly. In the future, use of the program may cost between $154,000 and $237,000 per job.

The column draws on this NBER working paper by Matilde Bombardini, Andres Gonzalez-Lira, Bingjing Li & Chiara Motta."

Here is the abstract of that paper:

"The latest resurgence in the U.S. of policies aimed at reducing imports and bolstering domestic production has included the expansion of Buy American provisions. While some of these are new and untested, in this paper we evaluate long-standing procurement limitations on the purchase of foreign products by the U.S. Federal Government. We use procurement micro-data to first map and measure the positive employment effects of government purchases. We then calibrate a quantitative trade model adapted to include features relevant to the Buy American Act: a government sector, policy barriers in final and intermediate goods, labor force participation, and external economies of scale. We show that current Buy American provisions on final goods purchase have created up to 100,000 jobs at a cost of between $111,500 and $137,700 per job. However, the recently announced tightening of the policy on the use of foreign inputs will create fewer jobs at a higher cost of $154,000 to $237,800 per job. We also find scant evidence of the use of Buy American rules as an effective industrial policy."