There is only scant evidence that either Title VII or affirmative action has had any effect on the gender gap in earnings or occupations

See Claudia Goldin Deserves That Nobel Prize: Her work on women in the workforce clarifies a politically charged debate by 

"The female-to-male ratio of average earnings for full-time year-round jobs, she noted, rose from 60% in the 1980s to 75% by 2000. Since then, it has increased to 82%." 

"A major reason for employment growth among women since 1960 . . . was the introduction of the birth-control pill. In some states, the pill was legally available only to women who were married or were over 21. This changed in the 1970s, when many state governments lowered the age of majority to 18 and Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) struck down Massachusetts’ law making marriage a prerequisite for access.

This change led to young women getting more formal education. By 2005 women made up half or almost half of first-year students in professional programs such as law, medicine and dentistry."

"A 2008 study cited by the Nobel committee found that for women who had a labor-force attachment like that of men, the choice of college major accounted for more than half of the gender earnings gap: Women are substantially underrepresented in STEM fields.

Ms. Goldin, Mr. Katz and Marianne Bertrand of the University of Chicago . . . found that the primary factor behind long-term differences in earning was child-rearing. For M.B.A. students who graduated from the University of Chicago’s business school between 1990 and 2006, the authors found almost no gender gap in employment or wages just after graduation. But 10 years later, women had taken an average of one year off from work, while men had taken off only 1½ months.

three factors—the particular M.B.A. courses taken and performance in the courses, time away from work, and the number of hours worked—explain 84% of the wage gap."

"In a 2010 study, Ms. Goldin and Mr. Katz pointed out that women often receive a wage penalty for demanding a job that’s flexible enough for the woman to be the “on-call” parent. Men are more apt to receive a wage premium for being willing to be the “on-call” employee."

"In the Concise Encyclopedia, she asked to what extent Title VII and affirmative action narrowed the gap. She concluded, “There is only scant evidence that either law has had any effect on the gender gap in earnings or occupations, although not enough research has been done to justify strong conclusions one way or the other.”"

See also “Gender Gap” in The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics by Claudia Goldin.