See Chart of the day: For every 100 young women in October 2021 by Mark Perry. Excerpt:
"Yesterday the Bureau of Labor Statistics released its annual report on “College Enrollment and Work Activity of Recent High School and College Graduates – 2021” based on data as of October 2021. Here’s a description of the BLS data used for the report:
The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the October Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment for the nation. The CPS is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census
Bureau. Data in this release relate to the school enrollment status of persons in the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week
that includes the 12th of October. Data about recent high school graduates and dropouts and the enrollment status of youth refer to persons 16 to 24 years of age. Data about recent associate degree recipients and college graduates refer to persons 20 to 29 years of age.The data in the BLS report are presented in three tables that correspond to the three sections in the chart above:
- Table 1. Labor force status of 2021 high school graduates and 2020-2021 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, and rate in October 2021
- Table 2. Labor force status of persons 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, and race in October 2021
- Table 3. Labor force status of 2021 associate degree recipients and college graduates 20 to 29 years old by selected characteristics in October 2021
Although the BLS report highlighted several gender differences in educational and labor force outcomes between young men and young women, most of the 23 gender differences displayed in the chart above were not mentioned in the text of the BLS report. Specifically, the data in the chart above show that:
- Compared to young women, young men were less likely to graduate from high school, more likely to drop out of high school, less likely to enroll in college after high school, and more likely to be unemployed. For example, for every 100 young women who graduated from high school in 2021 and did not enroll in college in the fall, there were 166 young men. For every 100 young women who were recently dropped out of high school, there were 133 young men. For every 100 young women who were recent high school dropouts and unemployed, there were 238 young men.
- Compared to women ages 16 to 24, men in that age group were less likely to be enrolled in college, far less likely to have earned a bachelor’s degree or higher, and far less likely to be employed with a college degree. Compared to young women in that age group, young men were far more likely to have less than a high school diploma, much less likely to attend college after high school, and more likely to be unemployed with or without a high school diploma. For example, for every 100 young women ages 16-24 who were enrolled in college and working last fall, there were only 69 young men.
- Compared to females ages 20-29 years old who recently earned an associate’s degree or hold a bachelor’s or advanced degree (master’s, professional or doctoral), their male counterparts were far less likely to have recently earned an associate’s degree, less likely to hold a bachelor’s or advanced (master’s, professional or doctoral) college degree and far less likely to have a college degree (bachelor’s degree or higher) and be employed. Young men ages 20-29 who were recent associate degree recipients, recent college graduates with a bachelor’s degree or higher, and those with a bachelor’s or advanced degree were far more likely to have those degrees and be unemployed than their female counterparts. For example, for every 100 women who were recent associate degree recipients, there were only 67 men. For every 100 women with an advanced degree (master’s, professional or doctoral) and working, there were only 30 men. For every 100 women who were recent college graduates with a bachelor’s degree and working there were only 55 men. For every 100 women who were recent college graduates with a bachelor’s degree or higher and not working, there were 249 unemployed men in that cohort.
The significant gender differences favoring young women for a variety of educational outcomes detailed above provide additional empirical evidence that it is men who are increasingly struggling to finish high school and attend and graduate from college. Actually, men have been increasingly underrepresented and “marginalized” in higher education for 40 years going back to the early 1980s. And young women are more likely than their male counterparts to be working after earning a college degree. College-educated young men with any degree (associate’s, bachelor’s, or advanced) are more likely than female college graduates to be either unemployed or not in the labor force.
It is young men, more than young women, who are at-risk and facing serious educational and work-related challenges, which show up later in large gender disparities for a variety of measures of (a) behavioral and mental health outcomes, (b) alcoholism, drug addiction, and drug overdoses, (c) suicide, murder, violent crimes, and incarceration, and (d) homelessness."
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